Cross fertilization

Cross fertilization
Cross Cross (kr[o^]s), a. 1. Not parallel; lying or falling athwart; transverse; oblique; intersecting. [1913 Webster]

The cross refraction of the second prism. --Sir I. Newton. [1913 Webster]

2. Not accordant with what is wished or expected; interrupting; adverse; contrary; thwarting; perverse. ``A cross fortune.'' --Jer. Taylor. [1913 Webster]

The cross and unlucky issue of my design. --Glanvill. [1913 Webster]

The article of the resurrection seems to lie marvelously cross to the common experience of mankind. --South. [1913 Webster]

We are both love's captives, but with fates so cross, One must be happy by the other's loss. --Dryden. [1913 Webster]

3. Characterized by, or in a state of, peevishness, fretfulness, or ill humor; as, a cross man or woman. [1913 Webster]

He had received a cross answer from his mistress. --Jer. Taylor. [1913 Webster]

4. Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged; as, cross interrogatories; cross marriages, as when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each other. [1913 Webster]

{Cross action} (Law), an action brought by a party who is sued against the person who has sued him, upon the same subject matter, as upon the same contract. --Burrill.

{Cross aisle} (Arch.), a transept; the lateral divisions of a cruciform church.

{Cross axle}. (a) (Mach.) A shaft, windlass, or roller, worked by levers at opposite ends, as in the copperplate printing press. (b) A driving axle, with cranks set at an angle of 90[deg] with each other.

{Cross bedding} (Geol.), oblique lamination of horizontal beds.

{Cross bill}. See in the Vocabulary.

{Cross bitt}. Same as {Crosspiece}.

{Cross bond}, a form of bricklaying, in which the joints of one stretcher course come midway between those of the stretcher courses above and below, a course of headers and stretchers intervening. See {Bond}, n., 8.

{Cross breed}. See in the Vocabulary.

{Cross breeding}. See under {Breeding}.

{Cross buttock}, a particular throw in wrestling; hence, an unexpected defeat or repulse. --Smollet.

{Cross country}, across the country; not by the road. ``The cross-country ride.'' --Cowper.

{Cross fertilization}, the fertilization of the female products of one physiological individual by the male products of another, -- as the fertilization of the ovules of one plant by pollen from another. See {Fertilization}.

{Cross file}, a double convex file, used in dressing out the arms or crosses of fine wheels.

{Cross fire} (Mil.), lines of fire, from two or more points or places, crossing each other.

{Cross forked}. (Her.) See under {Forked}.

{Cross frog}. See under {Frog}.

{Cross furrow}, a furrow or trench cut across other furrows to receive the water running in them and conduct it to the side of the field.

{Cross handle}, a handle attached transversely to the axis of a tool, as in the augur. --Knight.

{Cross lode} (Mining), a vein intersecting the true or principal lode.

{Cross purpose}. See {Cross-purpose}, in the Vocabulary.

{Cross reference}, a reference made from one part of a book or register to another part, where the same or an allied subject is treated of.

{Cross sea} (Naut.), a chopping sea, in which the waves run in contrary directions.

{Cross stroke}, a line or stroke across something, as across the letter t.

{Cross wind}, a side wind; an unfavorable wind.

{Cross wires}, fine wires made to traverse the field of view in a telescope, and moved by a screw with a graduated head, used for delicate astronomical observations; spider lines. Fixed cross wires are also used in microscopes, etc.

Syn: Fretful; peevish. See {Fretful}. [1913 Webster]


The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.

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  • Cross fertilization — Fertilization Fer ti*li*za tion, n. 1. The act or process of rendering fertile. [1913 Webster] 2. (Biol.) The act of fecundating or impregnating animal or vegetable germs; esp., the process by which in flowers the pollen renders the ovule fertile …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • cross-fertilization — cross fertilisation cross fertilisation, cross fertilization cross fertilization . 1. fertilization by the union of male and female gametes from different individuals of the same species. [WordNet 1.5] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Cross-fertilization — can refer to: Allogamy, where an ovum from one individual is fertilized with the spermatozoa of another Heterosis, where different strains are cross bred to form a hybrid the union of pollen from the anther of the stamen, with the female gametes… …   Wikipedia

  • cross-fertilization — cross fertilize ► VERB 1) fertilize (a plant) using pollen from another plant of the same species. 2) stimulate the development of (something) with an exchange of ideas or information. DERIVATIVES cross fertilization noun …   English terms dictionary

  • cross-fertilization — /kraws ferr tl euh zay sheuhn, kros /, n. 1. Biol. the fertilization of an organism by the fusion of an egg from one individual with a sperm or male gamete from a different individual. 2. Bot. fertilization of the flower of one plant by a gamete… …   Universalium

  • cross-fertilization — noun 1. fertilization by the union of male and female gametes from different individual of the same species • Syn: ↑cross fertilisation • Ant: ↑self fertilization • Derivationally related forms: ↑cross fertilise (for: ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

  • cross-fertilization — UK / US noun [countable/uncountable] Word forms cross fertilization : singular cross fertilization plural cross fertilizations 1) biology the process of fertilizing one type of plant with pollen from a different type of plant in order to produce… …   English dictionary

  • cross-fertilization —  Mixing of ideas.  ► “Collaborative R&D* provides a forum for technical exchange and the cross fertilization of ideas among member companies.” (Mechanical Engineering, Sept. 1994, p. 85) …   American business jargon

  • cross-fertilization — cross′ fertiliza′tion n. 1) gen the fertilization of an organism by the fusion of an egg from one individual with a sperm or male gamete from a different individual 2) bot the fertilization of the flower of one plant by a gamete from the flower… …   From formal English to slang

  • cross-fertilization — cross fer·til·iza·tion or Brit cross fer·til·isa·tion .fərt əl ə zā shən n fertilization in which the gametes are produced by separate individuals or sometimes by individuals of different kinds …   Medical dictionary

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