Convexity
101Lp space — In mathematics, the Lp spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the p norm for finite dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes called Lebesgue spaces, named after Henri Lebesgue (Dunford Schwartz 1958, III.3),… …
102Opportunity cost — Economics …
103Indifference curve — In microeconomic theory, an indifference curve is a graph showing different bundles of goods, each measured as to quantity, between which a consumer is indifferent. That is, at each point on the curve, the consumer has no preference for one… …
104General equilibrium — theory is a branch of theoretical microeconomics. It seeks to explain the behavior of supply, demand and prices in a whole economy with several or many markets. It is often assumed that agents are price takers and in that setting two common… …
105Deadweight loss — created by a binding price ceiling. Producer surplus is necessarily decreased, while consumer surplus may or may not increase; however the decrease in producer surplus must be greater than the increase (if any) in consumer surplus. In economics,… …
106Economic surplus — This article is about consumers and producers surplus. For information about other surpluses, see deficit. Graph illustrating consumer (red) and producer (blue) surpluses on a supply and demand chart In mainstream economics, economic surplus… …
107Market failure — is a concept within economic theory wherein the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient. That is, there exists another conceivable outcome where a market participant may be made better off without making someone else… …
108Market price — In economics, market price is the economic price for which a good or service is offered in the marketplace. It is of interest mainly in the study of microeconomics. Market value and market price are equal only under conditions of market… …
109Sunk costs — In economics and business decision making, sunk costs are retrospective (past) costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that may be incurred… …
110Dynamic programming — For the programming paradigm, see Dynamic programming language. In mathematics and computer science, dynamic programming is a method for solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems. It is applicable to problems… …
