peasants
111Emancipation reform of 1861 — The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia was the first and most important of liberal reforms affected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. The reform amounted to the liquidation of serf dependence previously suffered by Russian peasants.… …
112Shōen — A nihongo| shōen |荘園 or 庄園| shōen was a field or manor in Japan. The Japanese term comes from the Tang dynasty Chinese term zhuangyuan . After the decay of the ritsuryō system in Japan, a feudal system of manors developed. Landowners or… …
113Rural society in the People's Republic of China — occupies more than a half of China s population and has a varied range in terms of standard of living and life patterns. In southern and coastal China, rural areas have seen increased development and are, in some areas, beginning to catch up… …
114Social class in Haiti — HistoryAs a result of the extinction of the indigenous population by the beginning of the seventeenth century, the population of pre independence Saint Domingue (present day Haiti) was entirely the product of the French colonists slaveholding… …
115Agriculture in Haiti — Agriculture continued to be the mainstay of the economy of Haiti in the late 1980s; it employed approximately 66 percent of the labor force and accounted for about 35 percent of GDP and for 24 percent of exports in 1987 (see fig. 14). The role of …
116Christ and the Sheep Shed — Christ and the Sheep Shed[1] is a polemical woodcut made in 1524 by the Nuremberg artist Barthel Beham, one of the Little Masters. Created in the early part of the Protestant Reformation, this woodcut illustrates the beliefs of the artist, as… …
117Hungary — /hung geuh ree/, n. a republic in central Europe. 9,935,774; 35,926 sq. mi. (93,050 sq. km). Cap.: Budapest. Hungarian, Magyarország. * * * Hungary Introduction Hungary Background: Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro Hungarian Empire, which… …
118RUSSIA — RUSSIA, former empire in Eastern Europe; from 1918 the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (R.S.F.S.R.), from 1923 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.); from 1990 the Russian Federation. Until 1772 ORIGINS The penetration… …
119Famine — This article is about scarcity of food. For other uses, see Famine (disambiguation). Child victim of the Holodomor. A famine is a widespread scarcity of food. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation …
120Serfdom — Serf redirects here. For the Saint, see Saint Serf. For SERF magnetometer, see SERF. Part o …
