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121Utrillo, Maurice — born Dec. 25, 1883, Paris, Fr. died Nov. 5, 1955, Le Vésinet French painter. When he became an alcoholic in his teens, his mother, the painter and model Suzanne Valadon, encouraged him to take up painting as therapy; it soon became his obsession …
122political philosophy — Branch of philosophy that analyzes the state and related concepts such as political obligation, law, social justice, and constitution. The first major work of political philosophy in the Western tradition was Plato s Republic. Aristotle s… …
123arts, East Asian — Introduction music and visual and performing arts of China, Korea, and Japan. The literatures of these countries are covered in the articles Chinese literature, Korean literature, and Japanese literature. Some studies of East Asia… …
124Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich — ▪ Russian anarchist Introduction born May 30 [May 18, Old Style], 1814, Premukhino, Russia died July 1 [June 19], 1876, Bern, Switzerland chief propagator of 19th century anarchism, a prominent Russian revolutionary agitator, and a prolific… …
125Burney, Fanny — ▪ British author byname of Frances d Arblay , née Burney born June 13, 1752, King s Lynn, Norfolk, England died January 6, 1840, London English novelist and letter writer, daughter of the musician Charles Burney (Burney, Charles), and author… …
126caricature and cartoon — ▪ graphic arts Introduction in graphic art, comically distorted drawing or likeness, done with the purpose of satirizing or ridiculing its subject. Cartoons are used today primarily for conveying political commentary and editorial opinion… …
127English literature — Introduction the body of written works produced in the English language by inhabitants of the British Isles (including Ireland) from the 7th century to the present day. The major literatures written in English outside the British Isles are… …
128Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …
