Black earth

Black Black (bl[a^]k), a. [OE. blak, AS. bl[ae]c; akin to Icel. blakkr dark, swarthy, Sw. bl["a]ck ink, Dan. bl[ae]k, OHG. blach, LG. & D. blaken to burn with a black smoke. Not akin to AS. bl[=a]c, E. bleak pallid. [root]98.] 1. Destitute of light, or incapable of reflecting it; of the color of soot or coal; of the darkest or a very dark color, the opposite of {white}; characterized by such a color; as, black cloth; black hair or eyes. [1913 Webster]

O night, with hue so black! --Shak. [1913 Webster]

2. In a less literal sense: Enveloped or shrouded in darkness; very dark or gloomy; as, a black night; the heavens black with clouds. [1913 Webster]

I spy a black, suspicious, threatening cloud. --Shak. [1913 Webster]

3. Fig.: Dismal, gloomy, or forbidding, like darkness; destitute of moral light or goodness; atrociously wicked; cruel; mournful; calamitous; horrible. ``This day's black fate.'' ``Black villainy.'' ``Arise, black vengeance.'' ``Black day.'' ``Black despair.'' --Shak. [1913 Webster]

4. Expressing menace, or discontent; threatening; sullen; foreboding; as, to regard one with black looks. [1913 Webster]

Note: Black is often used in self-explaining compound words; as, black-eyed, black-faced, black-haired, black-visaged. [1913 Webster]

{Black act}, the English statute 9 George I, which makes it a felony to appear armed in any park or warren, etc., or to hunt or steal deer, etc., with the face blackened or disguised. Subsequent acts inflicting heavy penalties for malicious injuries to cattle and machinery have been called black acts.

{Black angel} (Zo["o]l.), a fish of the West Indies and Florida ({Holacanthus tricolor}), with the head and tail yellow, and the middle of the body black.

{Black antimony} (Chem.), the black sulphide of antimony, {Sb2S3}, used in pyrotechnics, etc.

{Black bear} (Zo["o]l.), the common American bear ({Ursus Americanus}).

{Black beast}. See {B[^e]te noire}.

{Black beetle} (Zo["o]l.), the common large cockroach ({Blatta orientalis}).

{Black bonnet} (Zo["o]l.), the black-headed bunting ({Embriza Sch[oe]niclus}) of Europe.

{Black canker}, a disease in turnips and other crops, produced by a species of caterpillar.

{Black cat} (Zo["o]l.), the fisher, a quadruped of North America allied to the sable, but larger. See {Fisher}.

{Black cattle}, any bovine cattle reared for slaughter, in distinction from dairy cattle. [Eng.]

{Black cherry}. See under {Cherry}.

{Black cockatoo} (Zo["o]l.), the palm cockatoo. See {Cockatoo}.

{Black copper}. Same as {Melaconite}.

{Black currant}. (Bot.) See {Currant}.

{Black diamond}. (Min.) See {Carbonado}.

{Black draught} (Med.), a cathartic medicine, composed of senna and magnesia.

{Black drop} (Med.), vinegar of opium; a narcotic preparation consisting essentially of a solution of opium in vinegar.

{Black earth}, mold; earth of a dark color. --Woodward.

{Black flag}, the flag of a pirate, often bearing in white a skull and crossbones; a signal of defiance.

{Black flea} (Zo["o]l.), a flea beetle ({Haltica nemorum}) injurious to turnips.

{Black flux}, a mixture of carbonate of potash and charcoal, obtained by deflagrating tartar with half its weight of niter. --Brande & C.

{Black Forest} [a translation of G. Schwarzwald], a forest in Baden and W["u]rtemburg, in Germany; a part of the ancient Hercynian forest.

{Black game}, or {Black grouse}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Blackcock}, {Grouse}, and {Heath grouse}.

{Black grass} (Bot.), a grasslike rush of the species {Juncus Gerardi}, growing on salt marshes, and making good hay.

{Black gum} (Bot.), an American tree, the tupelo or pepperidge. See {Tupelo}.

{Black Hamburg (grape)} (Bot.), a sweet and juicy variety of dark purple or ``black'' grape.

{Black horse} (Zo["o]l.), a fish of the Mississippi valley ({Cycleptus elongatus}), of the sucker family; the Missouri sucker.

{Black lemur} (Zo["o]l.), the {Lemurniger} of Madagascar; the {acoumbo} of the natives.

{Black list}, a list of persons who are for some reason thought deserving of censure or punishment; -- esp. a list of persons stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, made for the protection of tradesmen or employers. See {Blacklist}, v. t.

{Black manganese} (Chem.), the black oxide of manganese, {MnO2}.

{Black Maria}, the close wagon in which prisoners are carried to or from jail.

{Black martin} (Zo["o]l.), the chimney swift. See {Swift}.

{Black moss} (Bot.), the common so-called long moss of the southern United States. See {Tillandsia}.

{Black oak}. See under {Oak}.

{Black ocher}. See {Wad}.

{Black pigment}, a very fine, light carbonaceous substance, or lampblack, prepared chiefly for the manufacture of printers' ink. It is obtained by burning common coal tar.

{Black plate}, sheet iron before it is tinned. --Knight.

{Black quarter}, malignant anthrax with engorgement of a shoulder or quarter, etc., as of an ox.

{Black rat} (Zo["o]l.), one of the species of rats ({Mus rattus}), commonly infesting houses.

{Black rent}. See {Blackmail}, n., 3.

{Black rust}, a disease of wheat, in which a black, moist matter is deposited in the fissures of the grain.

{Black sheep}, one in a family or company who is unlike the rest, and makes trouble.

{Black silver}. (Min.) See under {Silver}.

{Black and tan}, black mixed or spotted with tan color or reddish brown; -- used in describing certain breeds of dogs.

{Black tea}. See under {Tea}.

{Black tin} (Mining), tin ore (cassiterite), when dressed, stamped and washed, ready for smelting. It is in the form of a black powder, like fine sand. --Knight.

{Black walnut}. See under {Walnut}.

{Black warrior} (Zo["o]l.), an American hawk ({Buteo Harlani}). [1913 Webster]

Syn: Dark; murky; pitchy; inky; somber; dusky; gloomy; swart; Cimmerian; ebon; atrocious. [1913 Webster]