Fermentation

Fermentation
Fermentation Fer`men*ta"tion (f[~e]r`m[e^]n*t[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [Cf. F. fermentation.] 1. The process of undergoing an effervescent change, as by the action of yeast; in a wider sense (Physiol. Chem.), the transformation of an organic substance into new compounds by the action of a {ferment[1]}, whether in the form of living organisms or enzymes. It differs in kind according to the nature of the ferment which causes it.

Note: In industrial microbiology fermentation usually refers to the production of chemical substances by use of microorganisms. [1913 Webster +PJC]

2. A state of agitation or excitement, as of the intellect or the feelings. [1913 Webster]

It puts the soul to fermentation and activity. --Jer. Taylor. [1913 Webster]

A univesal fermentation of human thought and faith. --C. Kingsley. [1913 Webster]

{Acetous fermentation} or {Acetic fermentation}, a form of oxidation in which alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by the agency of a specific fungus ({Mycoderma aceti}) or series of enzymes. The process involves two distinct reactions, in which the oxygen of the air is essential. An intermediate product, acetaldehyde, is formed in the first process. 1. C2H6O + O [rarr] H2O + C2H4O

Note: Alcohol. Water. Acetaldehyde. 2. C2H4O + O [rarr] C2H4O2

Note: Acetaldehyde. Acetic acid.

{Alcoholic fermentation}, the fermentation which saccharine bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly or indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic acid, the rate of action being dependent on the rapidity with which the Torul[ae] develop.

{Ammoniacal fermentation}, the conversion of the urea of the urine into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of the special urea ferment. CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3

Note: Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate. [1913 Webster]

Note: Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels for several days it undergoes this alkaline fermentation.

{Butyric fermentation}, the decomposition of various forms of organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric acid. It is one of the many forms of fermentation that collectively constitute putrefaction. See {Lactic fermentation}.

{enzymatic fermentation} or {Fermentation by an unorganized ferment}. Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions, in which the enzyme acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of this nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane sugar into levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute acids, the conversion of starch into dextrin and sugar by similar treatment, the conversion of starch into like products by the action of diastase of malt or ptyalin of saliva, the conversion of albuminous food into peptones and other like products by the action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the ferment of the pancreatic juice.

{Fermentation theory of disease} (Biol. & Med.), the theory that most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are caused by the introduction into the organism of the living germs of ferments, or ferments already developed (organized ferments), by which processes of fermentation are set up injurious to health. See {Germ theory}.

{Glycerin fermentation}, the fermentation which occurs on mixing a dilute solution of glycerin with a peculiar species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime, and other matter favorable to the growth of the plant, the glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic acid, butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium ({Bacillus subtilis}) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are mainly formed.

{Lactic fermentation}, the transformation of milk sugar or other saccharine body into lactic acid, as in the souring of milk, through the agency of a special bacterium ({Bacterium lactis} of Lister). In this change the milk sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid, presumably passes through the stage of glucose. C12H22O11.H2O --> 4C3H6O3

Note: Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid. [1913 Webster]

Note: In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo butyric fermentation after the manner indicated in the following equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) --> C4H8O2 (butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen gas).

{Putrefactive fermentation}. See {Putrefaction}. [1913 Webster]


The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.

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  • Fermentation — industrielle La fermentation est une réaction biochimique de conversion de l énergie chimique contenue dans une source de carbone (souvent du glucose) en une autre forme d énergie directement utilisable par la cellule en l absence de dioxygène… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • fermentation — [ fɛrmɑ̃tasjɔ̃ ] n. f. • 1539; lat. fermentatio → ferment 1 ♦ Biol., biochim. Transformation de substances organiques sous l influence d enzymes produits par des micro organismes. Fermentation du lait, transformation en acide lactique sous l… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Fermentation — may mean: * Fermentation (biochemistry), the process of energy production in a cell under anaerobic conditions (without oxygen) * Ethanol fermentation, a form of anaerobic respiration used primarily by yeasts when oxygen is not present in… …   Wikipedia

  • fermentation — Fermentation. s. f. v. Terme Dogmatique. Agitation, division & rarefaction de parties par le moyen du Ferment. La digestion se fait par la fermentation des aliments …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie française

  • fermentation — [fʉr΄mən tā′shən] n. [ME fermentacioun < LL fermentatio: see FERMENT] 1. the breakdown of complex molecules in organic compounds, caused by the influence of a ferment [bacteria cause milk to curdle by fermentation] 2. excitement; agitation …   English World dictionary

  • fermentation — fermentation. См. ферментация. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • Fermentation — (lat.), Gärung; fermentativ, die Gärung befördernd; fermentieren, gären, in Gärung bringen; fermentabel, gärungsfähig …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Fermentation — (lat.), s.v.w. Gärung …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Fermentation — Fermentation, der Prozeß der Gährung (s. Gährung) …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • fermentation — index commotion Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 …   Law dictionary

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