Cephalosporin

Cephalosporin
Cephalosporin Ceph"a*lo*spor`in (s[e^]f"[.a]*l[-o]*sp[=o]r`[i^]n), n. [from Cephalosporium, a fungus producing the first of the series discovered.] (Chem.) any of a class of chemical substances, some of which have therapeutically useful antibacterial activity, whose structure contains a beta-lactam ring fused to a six-membered ring containing a sulfur and a nitrogen atom. The first of the series, {cephalosporin C}, was discovered by G. Brotzu in 1955 in the culture broth of a {Cephalosporium} species found off the coast of Sardinia. Other cephalosporins have been found to be produced by species of soil bacteria (actinomycetes). Many semisynthetic analogs have been tested for antibacterial effect, and several of them have found use as important clinically useful antibacterial agents, some of which may be taken orally for treatment of bacterial infections. The cephalosporins are the second class of beta-lactam antibiotic to be discovered, the first being the {penicillins} and more recent classes being the {thienamycins} and {sulfazecins}. The {cephamycins} are a variant of cephalosporins with a methoxyl group on the beta-lactam ring, rendering them more resistant to penicillinases. Among the cephalosporins which have been found clinically useful are {cephalexin}, {cephaloridine}, and {cephalothin}. [PJC]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.

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  • Cephalosporin C — IUPAC name (6R,7R) 3 [(Acetyloxy)methyl] 7 {[(5R) 5 amino 5 carboxypentanoyl]amino} 8 oxo 5 thia 1 azab …   Wikipedia

  • cephalosporin C — Cephalosporin Ceph a*lo*spor in (s[e^]f [.a]*l[ o]*sp[=o]r [i^]n), n. [from Cephalosporium, a fungus producing the first of the series discovered.] (Chem.) any of a class of chemical substances, some of which have therapeutically useful… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • cephalosporin — [sef΄ə lō spôr′in] n. any of a major group of broad spectrum antibiotics produced by, or derived from, a fungus (genus Cephalosporium): an alternative for people allergic to penicillin …   English World dictionary

  • Cephalosporin — See also: Discovery and development of cephalosporins Core structure of the cephalosporins …   Wikipedia

  • Cephalosporin — Strukturformeln klassischer Cephalosporine. Cephalosporine sind eine Gruppe von Breitband Antibiotika für den medizinischen Einsatz. Wie auch die Penicilline gehören sie der Gruppe der β Lactam Antibiotika an. Sie wirken bakterizid auf… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • cephalosporin — Lactam Lac tam, n. [Lactone + amido.] (Chem.) One of a series of anhydrides of an amido type, analogous to the lactones, as oxindol; a cyclic amide. [1913 Webster] {beta lactam} or {[beta] lactam}, (a) a lactam in which the amide bond is… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • cephalosporin — /sef euh loh spawr in, spohr /, n. Pharm. any of a group of widely used broad spectrum antibiotics, originally isolated as a product of fermentation from the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium. [1950 55; < NL Cephalospor(ium) the genus (see CEPHALO …   Universalium

  • cephalosporin — This is an antibiotic produced by a Cephalosporium, but since the antibiotic was discovered the name Cephalosporium has been removed and the new name is Acremonium. c. C an antibiotic whose activity is due to the 7 aminocephalosporanic acid… …   Medical dictionary

  • cephalosporin C — the parent compound of the semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotics, which are used in the treatment of a wide variety of infections due to sensitive gram positive and gram negative bacteria …   Medical dictionary

  • Cephalosporin — Ce|phalo|spori̱n, eingedeutscht: Ze|phalo|spori̱n [zum wissenschaftlichen Namen der Deuteromyzetengattung Cephalosporium] s; s, e (meist Mehrz.): 1) Antibiotika, die aus Pilzen der Deuteromyzetengattung Cephalosporium gewonnen werden. 2) im… …   Das Wörterbuch medizinischer Fachausdrücke

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